Al-'Alaq - العلق

Ayat: 19

Revealed at: makkah

Revelation order: 1

• «اقرأ» أوجد القراءة مبتدئا «باسم ربك الذي خلق» الخلائق. - ١

• «خلق الإنسان» الجنس «من علق» جمع علقة وهي القطعة اليسيرة من الدم الغليظ. - ٢

• «اقرأ» تأكيد للأول «وربك الأكرم» الذي لا يوازيه كريم، حال من الضمير اقرأ. - ٣

• «الذي علم» الخط «بالقلم» وأول من خط به إدريس عليه السلام. - ٤

• «علم الإنسان» الجنس «ما لم يعلم» قبل تعليمه الهدى والكتابة والصناعة وغيرها. - ٥

• «كلا» حقا «إنَّ الإنسان ليطغى». - ٦

• «أن رآه» أي نفسه «استغنى» بالمال، نزل في أبي جهل، ورأى علمية واستغنى مفعول ثان وأن رآه مفعول له. - ٧

• «إن إلى ربك» يا إنسان «الرجعى» أي الرجوع تخويف له فيجازي الطاغي بما يستحقه. - ٨

• «أرأيت» في الثلاثة مواضع للتعجب «الذي ينهي» هو أبو جهل. - ٩

• «عبدا» هو النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم «إذا صلّى». - ١٠

• «أرأيت إن كان» المنهي «على الهدى». - ١١

• «أو» للتقسيم «أمر بالتقوى». - ١٢

• «أرأيت إن كذب» أي الناهي النبي «وتولى» عن الإيمان. - ١٣

• «ألم يعلم بأن الله يرى» ما صدر منه، أي يعلمه فيجازيه عليه، أي اعجب منه يا مخاطب من حيث نهيه عن الصلاة ومن حيث أن المنهي على الهدى آمر بالتقوى ومن حيث أن الناهي مكذب متولٍ عن الإيمان. - ١٤

• «كلا» ردع له «لئن» لام قسم «لم ينته» عما هو عليه من الكفر «لنسفعا بالناصية» لنجرنَّ بناصيته غلى النار. - ١٥

• «ناصية» بدل نكرة من معرفة «كاذبة خاطئة» وصفها بذلك مجازًا والمراد صاحبها. - ١٦

• «فليدع ناديه» أي أهل ناديه وهو المجلس ينتدى يتحدث فيه القوم وكان قال للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لما انتهره حيث نهاه عن الصلاة: لقد علمت ما بها رجل أكثر ناديا مني لأملأنَّ عليك هذا الوادي إن شئت خيلا جردا ورجالا مردا. - ١٧

• (سندع الزبانية) الملائكة الغلاظ الشداد لإهلاكه كما في الحديث "" لو دعا ناديه لأخذته الزبانية عيانا "". - ١٨

• «كلا» ردع له «لا تطعه» يا محمد في ترك الصلاة «واسجد» صلِّ لله «واقترب» منه بطاعته. - ١٩

Name The Surah is titled so, after the word 'alaq in the second verse of this Surah. Period of Revelation This Surah has two parts: the first part consists of 1-5, and the second of 6-19. About the first part: a great majority of the Islamic scholars are agreed that it forms the very first Revelation to be sent down to the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings). In this regard, the Hadith from Hadrat Aishah, which Imam Ahmad, Bukhari, Muslim, and other traditionists have related with several chains of authorities, is one of the most authentic Ahadith on the subject. In it, Hadrat Aishah has narrated the full story of the beginning of revelation as she herself heard it from the Holy Messenger of Allah. Ibn Abbas, Abu Musa al-Ashari and a group of the Companions are also reported to have stated that these were the very first verses of the Quran to be revealed to the Holy Prophet. The second part was sent down afterwards when the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) began to perform the prescribed Prayer in the precincts of the Kabah and Abu Jahl tried to prevent him from this with threats. Beginning of Revelation The traditionists have related on the strength of their respective authorities the story of the beginning of revelation from Imam Az-Zuhri, who had it from Hadrat Urwah bin Zubair, who had it from Hadrat Aishah, his aunt. She states that revelations to the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) began in the form of true (according to other traditions, good) visions. Whichever vision he saw, it seemed as though he saw it in broad daylight. Afterwards solitude became dear to him and he would go to the Cave of Hira to engage in worship there for several days and nights (Hadrat Aishah has used the word tahannuth, which Imam Zuhri has explained as ta'abbud : devotional exercises. This was some kind of worship which he performed, for until then he had not been taught the method of performing the Prayer by Allah). He would take provisions with him and stay there for several days, then would return to Hadrat Khadijah who would again provide for him for a few more days. One day when he was in the Cave of Hira, Revelation came down to him unexpectedly and the Angel said, to him: "Read". After this Hadrat Aishah reports the words of the Holy Prophet himself, to the effect, "I said: 'I cannot read!' Thereupon the Angel took me and pressed me until I could bear it no more. Then he left me and said: 'Read.' I said: 'I cannot read!' He pressed me a second time until I could bear it no more. Then he left me and said: 'Read.' I again said: 'I cannot read!' He pressed me for the third time until I could bear it no more. Then he left me and said: 'Iqra bismi Rabbi kal- ladhi khalaqa': (Read in the name of your Lord Who created) till he reached 'ma lam ya lam' (what he did not know)." Then the Holy Messenger (upon whom be peace) returned home to Hadrat Khadijah trembling with fear, and said to her: "Cover me, cover me", and he was covered. When terror left him, he said: "O Khadijah, what has happened to me?" Then he narrated to her whatever had happened, and said: "I fear for my life." She said: "No never! Be of good cheer. By God, never will God debase you: you treat the kindred well, you speak the truth, (one tradition adds: you restore what is entrusted to you), you bear the burden of the helpless, you help the poor, you entertain the guests, and you cooperate in good works." Then she took him to Waraqah bin Naufal, who was her cousin. He had become a Christian in pre-Islamic days, wrote the Gospel in Arabic and Hebrew, and had become very old and blind. Hadrat Khadijah said: "Brother, listen to the son of your brother." Waraqah said to the Holy Prophet: "What have you seen, nephew?" The Holy Prophet described what he had seen. Waraqah said: "This is the same Gabriel (the Angel of Revelation) which Allah had sent down to Moses. Would that I were a young man during your Prophethood! Would that I were alive when your tribe would expel you!" The Holy Prophet said: "Will they expel me?" Waraqah said: "Yes, never has it so happened that a person brought what you have brought and was not treated as an enemy. If I live till then I would help you with all the power at my command." But not very long after this Waraqah died. This narrative is explicit that even until a moment before the arrival of the Angel, the Holy Messenger of Allah (upon whom be peace) was without any expectation that he was going to be appointed as a Proph