Al-Jumu'ah - الجمعة

Ayat: 11

Revealed at: madinah

Revelation order: 110

• «يسبح لله» ينزهه فاللام زائدة «ما في السماوات وما في الأرض» في ذكر ما تغليب للأكثر «الملك القدوس» المنزه عما لا يليق به «العزيز الحكيم» في ملكه وصنعه. - ١

• «هو الذي بعث في الأميين» العرب، والأمي: من لا يكتب ولا يقرأ كتابا «رسولا منهم» هو محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم «يتلو عليهم آياته» القرآن «ويزكيهم» يطهرهم من الشرك «ويعلمهم الكتاب» القرآن «والحكمة» ما فيه من الأحكام «وإن» مخففة من الثقيلة واسمها محذوف، أي وإنهم «كانوا من قبل» قبل مجيئه «لفي ضلال مبين» بيّن. - ٢

• «وآخرون» عطف على الأميين، أي الموجودين «منهم» والآتين منهم بعدهم «لما» لم «يلحقوا بهم» في السابقة والفضل «وهو العزيز الحكيم» في ملكه وصنعه وهم التابعون والإقتصار عليهم كاف في بيان فضل الصحابة المبعوث فيهم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم على من عداهم ممن بعث إليهم وآمنوا به من جميع الإنس والجن إلى يوم القيامة لأن كل قرن خير ممن يليه. - ٣

• «ذلك فضل الله يؤتيه من يشاء» النبي ومن ذكر معه «والله ذو الفضل العظيم». - ٤

• «مثل الذين حملوا التوراة» كلفوا العمل بها «ثم لم يحملوها» لم يعملوا بما فيها من نعته صلى الله عليه وسلم فلم يؤمنوا به «كمثل الحمار يحمل أسفارا» أي كتبا في عدم انتفاعه بها «بئس مثل القوم الذين كذبوا بآيات الله» المصدقة للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم والمخصوص بالذم محذوف تقديره هذا المثل «والله لا يهدي القوم الظالمين» الكافرين. - ٥

• «قل يا أيها الذين هادوا إن زعمتم أنكم أولياء لله من دون الناس فتمنوا الموت إن كنتم صادقين» تعلق بتمنوا الشرطان على أن الأول قيد في الثاني، أي إن صدقتم في زعمكم أنكم أولياء لله، والولي يؤثر الآخرة ومبدؤها الموت فتمنوه. - ٦

• «ولا يتمنوْنه أبدا بما قدمت أيديهم» من كفرهم بالنبي المستلزم لكذبهم «والله عليم بالظالمين» الكافرين. - ٧

• «قل إن الموت الذي تفرون منه فإنه» الفاء زائدة «ملاقيكم ثم تردون إلى عالم الغيب والشهادة» السر والعلانية «فينبئكم بما كنتم تعملون» فيجازيكم به. - ٨

• «يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا نودي للصلاة من» بمعني في «يوم الجمعة فاسعوْا» فامضوا «إلى ذكر الله» للصلاة «وذروا البيع» اتركوا عقده «ذلكم خير لكم إن كنتم تعلمون» أنه خير فافعلوه. - ٩

• «فإذا قضيت الصلاة فانتشروا في الأرض» أمر إباحة «وابتغوا» اطلبوا الرزق «من فضل الله واذكروا الله» ذكرا «كثيرا لعلكم تفلحون» تفوزون، كان صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب يوم الجمعة فقدمت عير وضرب لقدومها الطبل على العادة فخرج لها الناس من المسجد إلا اثني عشر رجلا فنزلت. - ١٠

• «وإذا رأوا تجارةً أو لهوا انفضوا إليها» أي التجارة لأنها مطلوبهم دون اللهو «وتركوك» في الخطبة «قائما قل ما عند الله» من الثواب «خير» للذين آمنوا «من اللهو ومن التجارة والله خير الرازقين» يقال: كل إنسان يرزق عائلته، أي من رزق الله تعالى. - ١١

Name It is derived from the sentence idha nudiya-lis-salat-imin-yaum-il- Jumu'ati of verse 9. Although in this Surah injunctions about the Friday congregational Prayer also have been given, yet "Jumu'ah " is not the title of its subject-matter as a whole, but this name too, like the names of other Surahs, is only a symbolic title. Period of Revelation The period of the revelation of the first section (vv. 1-8) is A. H. 7, and probably it was sent down, on the occasion of the conquest of Khaiber or soon after it. Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmidhi, Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir have related on the authority of Hadrat Abu Hurairah that he and other Companions were sitting in the Holy Prophet's assembly when these verses were revealed. About Abu Hurairah it is confirmed historically that he entered Islam after the truce of Hudaibiyah and before the conquest of Khaiber, and Khaiber was conquered, according to Ibn Hisham, in Muharram, and, according to Ibn Sa\`d, in Jamadi al-Awwal, A.H. 7. Thus presumably Allah might have sent down these verses, addressing the Jews, when their last stronghold had fallen to the Muslims, or these might have been revealed when, seeing the fate of Khaiber, all the Jewish settlements of northern Hijaz had surrendered to the Islamic government. The second section (vv. 9-11) was sent down shortly after the emigration, for the Holy Prophet (upon whom be Allah's peace) had established the Friday congregational Prayer on the 5th day after his arrival at Madinah. The incident that has been referred to in the last verse of this section must have occurred at a time when the people had not yet received full training in the etiquette of religious congregations. Theme and Subject Matter As we have explained above, the two sections of this Surah were sent down in two different periods. That is why their themes as well as their audiences are different. Although there is a kind of harmony between them on account of which they have been put together in one Surah, yet we should understand their themes separately before we consider the question of their harmony. The first section was sent down at a time when all Jewish efforts to obstruct the message of Islam during the past six years had failed. First. in Madinah as many as three of their powerful tribes had done whatever they could to frustrate the mission of the Holy Prophet, with the result that one of the tribes was completely exterminated and the other two were exiled. Then by intrigue and conspiracy they brought many of the Arab tribes together to advance on Madinah, but in the Battle of the Trench they were all repulsed. After this, Khaiber had become their stronghold, where a large number of the Jews expelled from Madinah also had taken refuge. At the time these verses were revealed, that too was taken without any extraordinary effort, and the Jews at their own request agreed to live there as tenants of the Muslims. After this final defeat the Jewish power in Arabia came to an end. Then, Wad-il-Qura, Fadak, Taima', Tabuk, all surrendered one after the other, so much so that all Arabian Jews became subdued to the same Islam which they were not prepared to tolerate before. This was the occasion when Allah Almighty once again addressed them in this Surah, and probably this was the last and final address that was directed to them in the Qur'an. In this they have been reminded of three things: "You refused to believe in this Messenger only because he was born among a people whom you contemptuously call the "gentiles." You were under the false delusion that the Messenger must necessarily belong to your own community. You seemed to have been convinced that anyone who claimed to be a prophet from outside your community, must be an impostor, for this office had been reserved for your race, and a messenger could never be raised among the "gentiles." But among the same gentiles Allah has raised a Messenger who is reciting His Book in front of your very eyes, is purifying souls, and showing the Right Way to the people whose misdeeds are well known to you. This is Allah's bounty, which He may bestow on anyone He may please. You have no monopoly over it so that He may bestow it over whomever you may please and may withhold it from whomever you may desire it to be withheld". "You had been made bearers of the Torah, but you did not understand your responsibility for it nor discharged it as you should have. You are like the donkey which is loaded with books, and which does not know wh